26 June 2013

Fiber reactive dye for a tea-stain effect

I'm starting a quilt project with prints in a range of reds, and a range of off-whites and tans, but I had a hard time finding fabrics with compatible color tone. I want all the fabrics to have an aged, muted tone, like they were all French General prints (fabrics printed by Moda with an aged, French countryside personality), even if the prints are not all French General fussy.

The first thing that came to mind was Penny Sew Take a Hike's tea-stained Scrappy Trips quilt. The tea stain softens the chaotic colors and unifies the composition. So off to the internet I went, searching for information on colorfastness. Alas, I couldn't find anything that made me feel confident that the color would persist through washings. And though it seems very abstract compared to color-fastness, several people were worried that the tannic acids in tea would damage the fabric in the long term.

The final fabric pull, including many over-dyed prints.

I set about searching for permanent dye solutions, and found several very helpful sources. First, I came upon a post by Deborah Schlegel at Art Threads about using Ecru fiber-reactive dye to stain a cotton sweater. Next I found an old Flickr discussion prompted by Rossie Hutchinson culminating in a experiment to find the best fiber-reactive color for tea-stain effect. Of the three she tested, Rossie also preferred Ecru. Voila - a plan!


I pulled out all my fabrics with true whites -- mostly red prints, but many off-whites too -- and set about dyeing in batches. I adapted Dharma Trading's instructions for tub dyeing, using a 5-gallon bucket, 4 gallons of water, 4 cups salt, 2 Tbs Ecru dye, and 1/2 cup soda ash to dye about 2 lbs of fabric (~6 yards). That's too much fabric for that volume of water if you need completely even color, but I was open to some mottling. I did have some unexpected results, but more on that later.

My first surprise was that although I pre-washed every scrap, some fabrics sucked up the dye color, and some hardly took a sip. I did a total of three dye batches, and a few of the fabrics went through all three. Here are a few of the dyed reds next to undyed yardage. The Julie Comstock Junk Drawer print was dyed twice, and the Sweetwater Tangled Threads just once.


And here are some tans. The Metro Circles and Oval Elements prints received two batches of dye because I want them not just dingy but dark. But the fancy Japanese woven (second from bottom) was only in the dye bath a few minutes before I pulled it out, and let the others stir and soak for another half hour.


But the biggest surprise came in the color tone of a few dyed fabrics. These three prints were in the same dye bath. All were dyed primarily to reduce contrast between the print and the background, mitigate the yellow, and perhaps add some mottling. But the colors came out so differently! The keys and the birds look great, but the foliage print is so orange -- where did that come from?


I wonder if certain fabric is more receptive to a specific component in the dye, or perhaps some components of the dye are absorbed and removed from solution more quickly, leaving scraps on the inside of the fabric pile to fight for what's left when they're stirred free. Who knows? I'm sure that orange fabric is not going to be in this quilt, but I think I'll use the original.

I'll leave you with photos of the final 40 or so of each color. Not the greatest photos, but I love how the fabric turned out.



What do you know about tea staining, and dyeing for tea-stained effect? I'd love to hear.

38 comments:

  1. Wow - I can't wait to see the finished quilt. Unfortunately I don't have any tips on tea staining or dyeing for tea-stained effect. Your post is fascinating though - I always find fabric manipulation like this interesting. I have done a bit of fabric bleaching recently(ish) and I was surprised by some of the colours I got. If someone can provide an explanation on your rogue orange fabric I will be interested to read about it.

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  2. So I know zip about either (sorry!), but thank you so much for outlining your experience for the rest of us! On a semi-related note, when I tried to bleach a batch of fabrics I was similarly surprised when certain prints refused to fade (or eventually did so too faintly to make a difference). I wonder if those same fabrics would also require several baths in a tea-stain process? I think a few were screen printed but I have no idea how that factors into all this... Hmph!

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  3. I just use tea! The oldest quilt I have that contains tea-dyed fabric is 10 years old and it's a wall hanging so it's never been washed. It hasn't disintegrated yet! I'm not sure I buy into the tannin concerns since dyed fabric is rinsed out so well. I've seen 15 year old tea bags fully intact.... Your fabrics look great and I am looking forward to seeing the project come together, Dan.

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  4. In the early 1960's we dyed our mesh pantyhose in tea water. Worked great... for a natural tan look. Ah the '60s in Encino, CA.
    Your experiments are interesting. The question of whether the dye will last over several washings is interesting. Thing is every individual fabric will change (as it will) over time and several washings. The charm of the art. I just made a quilt using a lot of Kona Brown and Mahogany and I fully expect those colors to change over a couple of washings. Darks. But, I LOVE the subtle look of the tea dye! Mucho!

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  5. What I remember from tea dyeing fabric is, that it looked nice but it stained, bleached into the ajoining fabric (I am not sure I am saying this right in English, but I hope you'll understand what I mean). Not by washing but for instance by spraying the water soluble marker away.

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  6. I know nothing about tea dyeing fabric, but I didn't let that stop me, I did the same as Poppyprint and used tea (bags) it worked well and I got the nice soft, aged effect on the fabric that I was looking for. I have several lace doilies that my Grandmother made and tea dyed, they would be over 50 years old and are still intact after several washings, and still a nice cream colour.

    ReplyDelete
  7. I majored in Chem at Cal and passed a tie-dye test for graduation. ;-) (Well, it was actually a party to tie-dye our lab coats together.) I dye quite often at home.
    http://badmomgoodmom.blogspot.com/search/label/Dyeing
    I started quilting after a fellow Chem major showed me her quilts and took me on a shopping trip to Poppy Fabrics in Oakland.

    I haven't tried replicating tea-dyeing with fiber reactive dyes, but I have used Dharma's Khaki Procion dye to overdye commercial fabrics. It works well and gives an ecru color when used in small concentrations.

    The orange cast of the foliage print is a mystery. Did you prewash the fabric in hot water and Synthrapol or Dharma Dyer's detergent? Something in your dyeing process reacted with some chemical(s) already in the fabric. I don't have access to a lab anymore so I can't do any forensics for you. Sorry.

    Did that fabric sample feel stiffer or rougher than the others? It might have a non-iron finish, a resin that can turn yellow/orange. I worry more about the resin in so many of today's textiles than I do about tannic acid.

    If you didn't prewash with Synthrapol, try doing so twice and then retry the dye.

    I wouldn't worry about the tannic acid in tea rotting out your cotton after you have washed the fabric. If you are really worried, buy some pH paper and test the pH of your final rinse water after you let it equilibrate with your fabric.

    Berkeley campus tap water has pH 5, slightly acidic. 7 is neutral. Test the acidity of your own sweat. You'll be surprised at the acidity of your own skin, tap water and even rainwater.

    If you want to minimize blotchiness, you can use a plunger to mix up the fabric in the bucket as seen here:
    http://badmomgoodmom.blogspot.com/2012/09/dye-pot.html

    If you want to send me swatches and have me run some dye tests, email me.

    ReplyDelete
  8. Look for an upcoming DVD from Ann Johnston called "Color By Accident: Exploring Low-water Immersion Dying" due out by fall 2013. In the introduction she explains why different fabrics dye differently. It can be the fiber - mercerized cotton is best, or the chemical composition of the particular color, or as you suggest, some fabrics take up the available dye and other pieces get what's left of colors that don't fix as quickly. She shows stacks of cotton fabric all dyed in the same dye bath (Procion MX fiber reactive dyes) that come out differently, and shows how single-chemical colors vs colors made from multiple chemicals behave differently. While seeing it "in living color" on the DVD is great, if you don't want to wait, you can get the info in her venerable book "Color By Accident: Low-water Immersion Dyeing." (www.annjohnston.net) Over dyeing commercial cottons is a bit of a gamble, in any case. Nice job on yours! Looking forward to seeing the finished quilt. BTW you might want to pre-wash in washing soda. Synthrapol is formulated to bind with the non-reacted dye molecules to avoid staining when washing out the dyed fabric.

    ReplyDelete
  9. Wake up Dan! Those of us on the East coast are looking for your DWR challenge post

    ReplyDelete
  10. This post was facinating! Thank you so much for sharing in such detail. I really love this effect and am excited to see what you create with all of these lovelies.

    ReplyDelete
  11. I like muted reds, I think that the color goes well with a lot of different quilts. I had not heard about tea stained quilts before. Your right about the prints after some of the fabrics were dyed. The foliage really does not look like either of the two designs above it.


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  12. what an interesting post! thanks for the side-by-side comparison photos. i do love the look of the finished piles

    ReplyDelete
  13. Great post and excellent photos. This looks like it must have been a very fun process! :)

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    ReplyDelete


  26. Hello , am Christine Ruffus from New York Texas, am 37 years old, I saw a comment posted by wandy brimm from Vegas, on how she was free from skin cancer with cannabis

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    ReplyDelete
  27. All Americans, Europeans and to everyone that has given up on spell casters like me before now, Either because you have been scammed like me or let down by the spell caster parading themselves to be real and can grant solution to any form of problem in life, It a great thing for to let you all know that the only one out of millions of the spell caster in the world is Dr Ajayi. He is the only spell caster that granted solution to me to win a lottery what $15,000,000.00 dollars. His spell worked for Mari, That i and my wife read his post and it worked for me and without negotiations to you out there it will work for you. Just email ajayiololo@yahoo.com to resolve and grant permanent solution to that problem.

    ReplyDelete
  28. Hey, I'm so excited my broken Marriage has been restored & my husband is back after he left me and our 2 kids for another woman. After 8 years of marriage, me and my husband has been into one quarrel or the other until he finally left me and moved to California to be with another woman. i felt my life was over and my kids thought they would never see their father again. i tried to be strong just for the kids but i could not control the pains that torments my heart, my heart was filled with sorrows and pains because i was really in love with my husband. Every day and night i think of him and always wish he would come back to me, I was really upset and i needed help, so i searched for help online and I came across a website that suggested that Dr Isikolo can help get ex back fast. So, I felt I should give him a try. I contacted him and he told me what to do and i did it then he did a (Love spell) for me. 48 hours later, my husband really called me and told me that he miss me and the kids so much, So Amazing!! So that was how he came back that same day, with lots of love and joy,and he apologized for his mistake,and for the pain he caused me and the kids. Then from that day,our Marriage was now stronger than how it were before,All thanks to Dr Isikolo. he is so powerful and i decided to share my story on the internet that Dr Isikolo real and powerful spell caster who i will always pray to live long to help his children in the time of trouble, if you are here and you need your Ex back or your husband moved to another woman, do not cry anymore, contact this powerful spell caster now. Here’s his contact: Email him at: isikolosolutionhome@gmail.com You can also Whatsapp him on +2348133261196

    ReplyDelete
  29. My name is Charlotte Oliver. Out of respect for you and your spells I must make this testimony know to all. I've been to other spell casters without seeing any result, all they want was after my money. I just wished I came to you earlier, i got the best from you. My ex husband was gone for a year and I went everywhere and other spell casters for help but no result until my friend introduce me to Dr Isikolo. After the Love Spell was done, I finally got a calls from him in less than 48 hours. His spells worked wonders and my husband is back with full of love. It was like a miracle! He suddenly came back with flowers saying that i should for give him, i was truly flabbergasted and shocked when my husband kneel down begging for forgiveness and for me to accept him back. I'm really short of words and joyful, you are a God sent to me and my entire family.. And now i am a joyful woman once again. Thank you so much Dr Isikolo. To everyone who is looking for a real spell caster contact Dr.Isikolo at isikolosolutionhome@gmail.com You can also Whatsapp him on +2348133261196

    ReplyDelete
  30. After being in relationship with him for seven years, he broke up with me. I did everything possible to bring him back but all was in vain. I wanted him back so much because of the love I have for him and I begged him with everything, I made promises but he refused. I explained my problem to someone online and she suggested that I should rather contact a spell caster DR ILEKHOJIE that could help me cast a spell to bring him back but I am the type that never believed in spell, I had no choice than to try it. I mailed the spell caster and he told me there was no problem that everything will be okay before two days that my ex will return to me before three days, he cast the spell and surprisingly in the second day, it was around 4pm. My ex called me and I was so surprised so I answered the call and all he said was that he was so sorry for everything that happened that he wanted me to return to him that he loves me so much. I was so happy and went to him, that was how we started living together happily again. Since then, I have made promise that anybody I know that have a relationship problem, I would be of help to such person by referring him or her to the only real and powerful spell caster who helped me with my own problem and who is different from all the fake ones out there. Anybody could need the help of the spell caster, his email: gethelp05@gmail.com or his WhatsApp/Viber him on: +2348147400259

    ReplyDelete
  31. I am very sorry to hear all these sad stories. Unfortunately, I am also in the same boat as you. My husband abandoned me and broke my heart, then he wanted to return and I left him without thinking about what had happened. Then I had a rest, since I could not understand it at that time, on my return I told him that I needed time and space and, although he left, he bombarded me and did not give me the space I asked for. for. Now I have had my space and time to think that we are going through a divorce. I am absolutely in pieces and I want him to come home with my son and I, but he will not, he refuses and says that he cannot return with us. A real shame, since I know we could have overcome this together if we had a new beginning. I feel totally lost without him and I find myself doing nothing during the day because I am very depressed and dissatisfied with the idea of ​​never returning home. I guess this is part of the grieving process and right now I can't meet anyone else, at 51 years of age, I feel like you've had your life and that all the people available now are those who are rejected or have been put in the shelf for its other half. I can't imagine my life with another person because I still love my husband and I don't think I can overcome this. We have been together for 15 years and married for 11 and my world has been destroyed. He is gone and apparently already has another girlfriend. It is not the same when you do not have youth by your side, I do not go out or socialize and all my friends have a partner, so I am quite alone with my son, most days I just cry and want The pain of stopping and disappearing. So I decided to seek help and fortunately for me, I saw a comment on the Internet about a great voodoo spell / doctor called AJAYI. I was destined to know that he can help me restore my home, I have no choice but to give it. One attempt and to my surprise after 3 days I received a call from my husband apologizing saying that I did not know what had happened all thanks to Dr. Ajayi, we are happy to live together now in love and peace. If you are going through a similar love problem, don't be shy or be afraid to contact Dr. Ajayion this email: drajayi1990@gmail.com Or Whatsapp: +16318578318

    ReplyDelete
  32. Yes, some components of the dye are removed from the solution more quickly than others. If you want consistent results, you should use put everything into one vat at the same time, or use multiple vats with measured amounts of dye and chemicals, and a timer.

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  33. I was cured of herpes simplex virus 1 & 2 and Hepatitis-b by a great herbal doctor called Dr Lucky with the use of different combination of Africa herbs. it is still like a dream to me. There is no word suitable enough to qualify your significance in my life dear doctor. You can contact him via https://drlucky24.wixsite.com/website, My little way to appreciate you doctor is to advertise your great work and that is exactly what i am doing now ...Whatsapp phone number +22378760009

    ReplyDelete


  34. My name is MONICA MORRISON FROM USA, I head that my husband was having an affair with one of my closest friend and I was very upset and worried so a friend of my advice me and told me if I still love my ex and if I really want to have him back so I told her yes, and she ask me to contact Dr.kabaka the spell caster and I did although I never believe on spell so he gave me something when he was casting the spell and ask me to say my wishes on it and after the casting of the spell a receive a phone call from my ex and was ask me at which I did and now we are back together again I’m so happy and I wish not to ever have this mistake again in my life. I will also advice anyone with this kind of issue to contact him for help he is really nice on phone and always there to answer you question giving you the good advice that you need. his email is drkabakaspiritualtemple@gmail.com
    Call or WhatsApp him.
    +2349015857861

    ReplyDelete
  35. Greetings to the general public, I want to tell about how I was cured of
    HIV disease by a Doctor called Dr. voodoo . I was browsing the Internet
    searching for remedy on HIV and I saw a comment of people talking about how
    Doctor voodoo cured them. I was scared because I never believed in the
    Internet but i was convince to give him a try because i having no hope of
    been cured of HIV so I decided to contact him with his email that was
    listed on the comment voodoospelltemple66@gmail.com when I contacted
    him he gave me hope and send a Herbal medicine to me that I took and
    it seriously worked for me, am a free person now without problem,
    my HIV result came out negative. I pray for you Dr. voodoo God will give
    you everlasting life, you shall not die before your time for being sincere
    and great men. Am so happy, you can also contact him if you have any
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    ReplyDelete
  36. I want to testify about Dr-Uchegbu herbal remedy for the cure of herpes and all various types of sickness and diseases, i am so glad to be free from 5 years herpes virus, Dr-Uchegbu roots and herbs remedy got me here and strong back to my feet without no-side infect, i have search for all kinds of help to get rid of the virus from my body i have tried different method but all was all in vain until on a very faithful day a friend of mine today introduced me to him via her post online i saw and then i had to talk to her about the man and she gave me a lot of assurances that the medication will work and then i wrote to the herbal remedy doctor via his email and then he responded back to me and i had to explain everything to him and then put all my faith on the medication that this is my final solution to that my health issue after our conversation he sent me the medicine which I took according to his instructions. When I was done taking the herbal medicine I went for a medical checkup and to my greatest surprise I was cured from Herpes. My heart is so filled with joy. If you are suffering from Herpes or any other diseases you can contact Dr.Uchegbu today on this Email address: (druchegbuherbalcure@gmail.com) or (druchegbuherbcure1@gmail.com) Thank you once again sir

    ReplyDelete
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